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Saint Valentine ((ラテン語:Valentinius)), officially Saint Valentine of Rome,〔(6 surprising facts about St Valentine )〕 is a widely recognized third-century Roman saint commemorated on February 14 and associated since the High Middle Ages with a tradition of courtly love. All that is reliably known of the saint commemorated on July 23 is his name and that he was martyred and buried at a cemetery on the Via Flaminia close to the Milvian bridge to the north of Rome on that day. It is uncertain whether St. Valentine is to be identified as one saint or the conflation of two saints of the same name. Several different martyrologies have been added to later hagiographies that are unreliable. Because so little is known of him, in 1969 the Roman Catholic Church removed his name from the General Roman Calendar, leaving his liturgical celebration to local calendars.〔''Calendarium Romanum'' Libreria Editrice Vaticana (1969), p. 117〕 The Roman Catholic Church continues to recognize him as a saint, listing him as such in the February 14 entry in the Roman Martyrology,〔''Martyrologium Romanum'', Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2001, p. 141〕 and authorizing liturgical veneration of him on February 14 in any place where that day is not devoted to some other obligatory celebration in accordance with the rule that on such a day the Mass may be that of any saint listed in the Martyrology for that day.〔General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 355〕 Use of the pre-1970 liturgical calendar is also authorized under the conditions indicated in the motu proprio ''Summorum Pontificum'' of 2007. Saint Valentine's Church in Rome, built in 1960 for the needs of the Olympic Village, continues as a modern, well-visited parish church. Saint Valentine's Day, is an official feast day in the Anglican Communion, as well as in the Lutheran Church. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Saint Valentine the Presbyter of Rome is celebrated on July 6〔(''Martyr Valentinus the Presbyter and those with him at Rome'' ). Orthodox Church in America website.〕 and Hieromartyr Valentine (Bishop of Interamna, Terni in Italy) is celebrated on July 30.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hieromartyr Valentine the Bishop of Interamna, Terni in Italy )〕 Notwithstanding, because of the relative obscurity of these two saints in the East, members of the Greek Orthodox Church named Valentinos (male) or Valentina (female) may observe their name day on the Western ecclesiastical calendar date of February 14.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Greek name days of the year 2015 - month of celebration : February )〕 ==Identification== The name ''Valentinus'' does not occur in the earliest list of Roman martyrs, compiled by the ''Chronographer of 354''.〔(Roger Pearse, ''The Chronography of 354'' in "Early Church Fathers'' online. ) ''Retrieved September 27, 2012''〕 But it is found in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum,〔''"XVI kalendas Martii Interamnae Via Flaminia miliario ab Urbe Roma LXIII natale Valentini."'' In J. B. de Rossi, p. 20 (XVI KL. MAR.). See also M. Schoepflin, p. 40: ''"the original text"''.〕 which was compiled, from earlier local sources, between 460 and 544. The feast of St. Valentine of February 14 was first established in 496 by Pope Gelasius I, who included Valentine among all those "... whose names are justly reverenced among men, but whose acts are known only to God." As Gelasius implies, nothing was then known about his life. ''The Catholic Encyclopedia''〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Valentine )〕 and other hagiographical sources〔René Aigrain, ''Hagiographie: Ses sources, ses méthodes, son histoire,'' (Paris 1953, pp 268–69; Agostino S. Amore, "S. Valentino di Roma o di Terni?", ''Antonianum'' 41.(1966), pp 260–77.〕 speak of three Saint Valentines that appear in connection with February 14. One was a Roman priest, another the bishop of Interamna (modern Terni) both buried along the Via Flaminia outside Rome, at different distances from the city. The third was said to be a saint who suffered on the same day with a number of companions in the Roman province of Africa, for whom nothing else is known. Though the extant accounts of the martyrdoms of the first two listed saints are of a late date and contain legendary elements, ''a common nucleus of fact'' may underlie the two accounts and they may refer to ''a single person''.〔Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 1983, p. 1423〕 According to the official biography of the Diocese of Terni, Bishop Valentine was born and lived in Interamna and was imprisoned and tortured in Rome on February 14, 273, while on a temporary stay there. His body was hastily buried at a nearby cemetery and a few nights later his disciples retrieved his body and returned him home.〔(''San Valentino: Biografia.'' ). Diocese of Terni. 2009. English version, written probably after examining all previous sources.〕 Τhe Roman Martyrology, the Catholic Church's official list of recognized saints, for February 14 gives only one Saint Valentine; a martyr who died on the Via Flaminia.〔''Martyrologium Romanum 2001'', February 14, p. 141.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Saint Valentine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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